Wheel Balance and Unbalance

It is important to check to see that the wheel and tire assemblies are in balance before aligning the vehicle. "Static" balance is the equal distribution of weight around the wheel and tire assembly. "Dynamic" balance is the equal distribution of weight on each side of the vertical centerline of the wheel and tire assembly. "Unbalance" (or imbalance) exists when the weight is distributed unequally around the horizontal axis of the wheel and tire assembly. Unbalance can exist in the tire, wheel, brake drum or rotor, or even in the hub. It also occurs in any combination of these components. Unbalance can be detected with the aid of special equipment, which usually indicates the proper location for wheel weights to restore the proper balance. Even with regular maintenance, however, uneven tire wear can result from drivers' habits, such as side wear from excessive cornering speeds. To counteract uneven wear that leads to unbalance, the tire industry recommends that tires should be rotated every six to eight thousand miles.

Wheelbase Balance

Another important factor when locating axles and spindles for wheel balance is the wheelbase measurement. Wheelbase is the distance between the center of the front wheel and center of the rear wheel. This distance (left front to left rear, right front to right rear with wheels in the straight ahead position) must be exactly the same on each side for proper weight balance. Correct wheelbase contributes to the ability of the car's rear wheel to follow directly in line with the front wheels (called "track"). Shorter wheelbases allow sharper turning radiuses, and longer wheelbases give a smoother ride and increased stability.

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Wheels

Wheels come in many different designs and usually fall into two categories: stamped sheet metal and machine castings. Some wheels are a combination of the two. Usually cast alloy wheels are higher priced, but have greater strength than stamped sheet metal wheels. Stamped sheet metal wheels are the most common, because they are less expensive to produce and are adequate for most uses. Some cars have wire wheels which consist of three basic components; inner rings, outer rings, and a series of spokes which connect the two. Cast aluminum wheels are very popular, magnesium wheels are also popular. Both are popular because they are light-weight and strong.

When The Car Doesn't Work

BEFORE a car needs repairs, the owner should check the car's manual to see if maintenance is needed. Failure to care for the car, and ignoring the initial warning signs (funny noises, problems that "fix themselves", etc) will produce more extensive and costly damage in the long run. I. Starting Problems Problems encountered in starting are usually due to the condition of the battery (clicking noises, no sound or slow grinding). These problems can often be solved by jump starting or charging the battery. If there is no response after trying these cures, it will probably be necessary to get experienced help or have your car inspected and serviced by a professional. II. Moving Problems 1. Problems with the engine hesitating, cutting out, being weak, or having difficulty with the idling should all be carefully inspected by an experienced mechanic. Overheating may be due to a need for additional coolant in the radiator or a need to unload excess weight (as when pulling a trailer). Turn off all accessories; i.e., the air conditioner. If this doesn't help, get professional help. 2. Transmission problems should always be inspected for repair or adjustment by a professional mechanic. If the car is driveable, drive slowly and carefully to the nearest service facility. If in doubt about driving the car, call a tow truck. III. Stopping Problems: When the brakes fail to hold, or if they squeal, grab or drag, they should be inspected and cared for at a specialized brake shop. When the problem is due to worn tires, the tires should be replaced at once before damaging other, more expensive elements of the car.